Just like us humans, dogs can suffer from a variety of health problems. From digestive issues to skin conditions, our most loyal companions can experience a range of different ailments. However, there are some health problems that are more common in dogs than others.
If your dog is unwell, showing ongoing symptoms, or something just doesn’t feel right, your veterinarian should always be your first point of contact. This article is here to help dog owners understand common health issues seen in dogs, not to diagnose or replace professional care.
Here are some of the most common health problems many dog owners will recognise, and what to look out for.
Vomiting
At some point, almost every dog will vomit. It might be because they ate something that didn’t agree with them, swallowed something too quickly, or picked up a mild stomach bug.
Vomiting on its own is not always an emergency. Many dogs will vomit once and then go right back to being happy, playful, and hungry.
However, vomiting can sometimes be linked to more serious issues such as poisoning, gastrointestinal blockages, pancreatitis, or infections. If vomiting is persistent, contains blood, or is accompanied by lethargy, weakness, or loss of appetite, it might be time to contact your vet.
Diarrhoea
Diarrhoea is another very common issue in dogs and is often linked to diet changes, stress, infections, or scavenging something unpleasant.
An occasional loose stool may resolve on its own, but prolonged diarrhoea can quickly lead to dehydration, especially in puppies and smaller dogs. Diarrhoea that lasts more than a day, or appears alongside vomiting, lethargy, or pain, you might want to get them checked by a veterinarian.
Poisoning and Toxicity
Dogs are naturally curious, many are food-motivated, and not great at risk assessment. This combination makes them particularly vulnerable to poisoning.
Common toxins include certain plants, human medications, cleaning products, rodenticides, chocolate, grapes, xylitol, and some essential oils. Poisoning doesn’t always happen through eating something either, it can occur through skin contact or inhalation.
Obesity
Obesity is one of the most common and overlooked health problems in dogs.
Carrying extra weight puts strain on joints, increases the risk of arthritis, diabetes, heart disease, and can shorten a dog’s lifespan. Many dogs gain weight gradually, which makes it harder to notice.
Regular weigh-ins, appropriate portion sizes, and consistent exercise all play an important role. Feeding a complete and balanced diet that suits your dog’s needs helps support long-term health and weight management.
Arthritis and Joint Issues
As dogs age, joint stiffness and arthritis become more common, particularly in larger breeds.
Signs include difficulty getting up, slowing down on walks, reluctance to jump, or changes in movement. While arthritis cannot be cured, symptoms can often be managed with veterinary guidance, weight management, appropriate exercise, and supportive nutrition.
Comfort measures like supportive bedding and avoiding slippery surfaces can also make a big difference to quality of life.
Dental Disease
Dental disease affects the majority of dogs by the age of three.
Bad breath, tartar build-up, red gums, and reluctance to eat hard food can all be signs of dental problems. Left untreated, dental disease can lead to pain, tooth loss, and bacteria entering the bloodstream, potentially affecting the heart, kidneys, and liver.
Regular dental checks, appropriate dental care at home, and professional cleaning when recommended by your vet are essential parts of preventive care.
Ear Infections
Head shaking, scratching at the ears, redness, discharge, or an unpleasant smell are common signs of ear infections.
Ear infections are often linked to allergies, moisture build-up, or underlying skin conditions. If left untreated, they can become painful and chronic.
If your dog shows repeated signs of ear discomfort, your vet can help identify the cause and provide appropriate treatment.
Skin Problems and Allergies
Skin issues are one of the most frequent reasons dogs visit the vet.
Allergies, parasites, infections, and environmental triggers can all cause itchy, inflamed skin. Food sensitivities may also play a role for some dogs, particularly when symptoms are chronic or recurring.
If your dog is constantly scratching, licking paws, or developing recurrent skin or ear issues, a veterinary assessment can help determine the underlying cause and guide treatment options.
Urinary Tract Issues
Urinary tract infections and other urinary problems are relatively common, especially in female and older dogs.
Signs may include frequent urination, straining, accidents in the house, blood in the urine, or increased thirst. These symptoms should equal a trip to the vet, as they can also indicate more serious conditions such as bladder stones, kidney disease, or diabetes.
Cancer
Cancer is an uncomfortable topic, but it is a reality for many dogs, particularly as they age.
Warning signs include unexplained lumps, swelling, sores that don’t heal, unexplained weight loss, lameness, or changes in behaviour. Early detection gives dogs the best chance of effective treatment or symptom management.
If you notice any unusual or persistent changes, a vet check is always worthwhile.
Age-Related Cognitive Changes
As dogs grow older, some experience changes in behaviour, memory, and sleep patterns.
Signs may include disorientation, altered interactions with family members, changes in sleep cycles, or confusion in familiar environments. While these changes can be distressing, there are management strategies and veterinary support options that can help maintain comfort and quality of life.
Final Thoughts
Many of these health issues are common and will occur at some point in a dog’s life. That doesn’t mean they should be ignored.
Our dogs rely on us to notice changes, seek help when needed, and support their health through thoughtful care, appropriate nutrition, and regular veterinary check-ups. While not every symptom is an emergency, dramatic or ongoing changes should always prompt a conversation with your vet.
With the right support, most dogs can continue living happy, comfortable lives, even when health challenges arise.